Atherogeneesiä

Atherogeneesiä is the Finnish term for atherogenesis, the process by which atherosclerotic plaques form and develop within the arteries. This is a complex, chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall that is a major cause of cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks and strokes.

The process begins with damage to the inner lining of the artery, known as the endothelium. This damage can be caused by various risk factors including high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, smoking, diabetes, and obesity. Once the endothelium is compromised, it becomes more permeable, allowing LDL cholesterol particles to enter the artery wall.

Inside the artery wall, LDL cholesterol becomes oxidized. This triggers an inflammatory response, attracting immune cells, particularly macrophages, to the site. Macrophages engulf the oxidized LDL cholesterol, transforming into foam cells. These foam cells accumulate and contribute to the formation of fatty streaks, which are the earliest visible signs of atherosclerosis.

Over time, these fatty streaks develop into more complex atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques consist of a lipid core, a fibrous cap made of smooth muscle cells and collagen, and inflammatory cells. As the plaque grows, it can narrow the artery lumen, restricting blood flow. The fibrous cap can also rupture, leading to the formation of a blood clot that can completely block the artery, causing a heart attack or stroke.

Factors that promote atherogenesis are known as risk factors. Managing these risk factors through lifestyle changes and medication is crucial in preventing or slowing down the progression of atherosclerosis.