Antihistamínicos

Antihistamínicos are a class of drugs that block the action of histamine. Histamine is a chemical naturally produced by the body's immune system, playing a key role in allergic reactions. When the body encounters an allergen, such as pollen or pet dander, it releases histamine, leading to symptoms like sneezing, itching, runny nose, and hives. Antihistamínicos work by binding to histamine receptors, preventing histamine from attaching and triggering these responses.

There are several generations of antihistamínicos. First-generation antihistamínicos, like diphenhydramine and chlorpheniramine, are effective but can cause drowsiness and other side effects such as dry mouth and dizziness. Second-generation antihistamínicos, such as loratadine and cetirizine, were developed to be less sedating and generally have fewer side effects. A third generation of antihistamínicos, including fexofenadine, are also available and are known for their efficacy with minimal drowsiness.

Antihistamínicos are commonly used to treat symptoms associated with allergies, including allergic rhinitis (hay fever), urticaria (hives), and conjunctivitis. They can be taken orally in tablet or liquid form, or applied topically as creams or ointments for localized reactions. While generally safe, it is important to consult a healthcare professional before taking antihistamínicos, especially for individuals with pre-existing medical conditions or those taking other medications, to ensure appropriate use and avoid potential interactions.