sedating

Sedating describes the process of inducing sedation, a pharmacologically mediated state of calmness, drowsiness, and reduced responsiveness. In clinical practice, sedation is commonly categorized by depth: minimal (anxiolysis), moderate (conscious sedation), deep sedation, and, in some settings, anesthesia. The aim is to ease anxiety and discomfort while preserving as much protective reflexes and awareness as appropriate for the procedure.

Sedation is used in a variety of settings. It helps patients tolerate medical or dental procedures, facilitates diagnostic testing, and supports care for agitated or delirious individuals in intensive care. It may also be employed in palliative settings to relieve distress. The choice of agent and depth depends on the patient, procedure, and desired level of comfort and safety.

Common sedative agents include benzodiazepines (for anxiolysis and sedation), nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics, and other sedatives such as propofol and dexmedetomidine. These drugs act through different mechanisms, but many potentiate inhibitory signaling in the brain to reduce arousal and movement. Sedation can be achieved with single agents or combinations, and may be tailored to achieve specific clinical objectives.

Safety and monitoring are essential. Sedation carries risks such as respiratory depression, airway obstruction, hypotension, and oversedation, especially with deeper levels or in vulnerable patients. It requires trained personnel, appropriate monitoring, and readiness to manage complications. Patients are typically advised not to drive or operate machinery for a period after sedation.

See also: anesthesia, anxiolysis, procedural sedation.