Anostostomatinae

Anostostomatinae is a subfamily of insects in the family Anostostomatidae, commonly known as giant cave crickets or king crickets. These insects are found primarily in Australia and New Zealand, with some species also occurring in South America and parts of Africa. They are characterized by their large size, robust bodies, and long, spiny legs.

The diet of Anostostomatinae varies between species but generally includes plant matter, fungi, and dead insects. Some species are known to be opportunistic predators. Their morphology, including strong mandibles and spiny legs, aids in their feeding and defense. They are nocturnal and often found in dark, moist environments such as caves, under logs, and in leaf litter.

Reproduction in Anostostomatinae involves the female laying eggs in the soil. The nymphs undergo several molts before reaching adulthood. Some species exhibit parental care, with the female guarding the eggs. The sound production in this subfamily is typically achieved through stridulation, rubbing body parts together, which is used for communication and defense.

The subfamily Anostostomatinae is taxonomically diverse, with numerous genera and species described. Research on these insects continues to reveal more about their ecology, behavior, and evolutionary relationships. Their role in their respective ecosystems, particularly as decomposers and scavengers, is significant. Conservation status varies among species, with some facing threats due to habitat loss and introduced predators.