Andorra

Andorra, officially the Principality of Andorra, is a small, landlocked sovereign state in the Pyrenees, between France and Spain. It covers about 468 square kilometers and has a population of around 77,000. The capital and largest city is Andorra la Vella. The country is characterized by rugged mountains, deep valleys, and a high mean altitude, making it a popular year-round destination for skiing and hiking. It borders France to the north and Spain to the south.

Andorra is a constitutional principality with two co-princes: the Bishop of Urgell and the president of France, a historic arrangement dating to the feudal Paréage of 1278. Sovereignty rests in the General Council (Consell General), a 28-member legislature elected for four-year terms. The head of government is the Cap de Govern (Prime Minister), who leads the executive branch. Andorra adopted a modern constitution in 1993, establishing a parliamentary democracy while preserving ceremonial roles for the two co-princes.

Andorra's economy relies heavily on tourism, especially winter sports, and on a small but growing financial sector. The country uses the euro as its currency under an agreement with the European Union and has no customs union with the EU. Catalan is the official language; Spanish, French, and Portuguese are widely spoken. Andorra is a member of the United Nations and the Council of Europe, among other international institutions. The population is predominantly Roman Catholic, and the nation is known for its low-tax environment, high standard of living, and mountainous landscapes.