Abutment

Abutment is a term used in several technical fields to denote a supporting or connecting element at the end of a structure or between a primary structure and a prosthesis.

In bridge and arch construction, an abutment is the end support that carries the deck loads and transfers them to the foundation. It resists vertical forces and the horizontal thrust generated by arches or deck movements. Abutments are often built with concrete or masonry and may include wing walls to retain embankments. They anchor bearings, accommodate settlement, and allow for expansion and contraction at joints.

In dentistry, an abutment is a connector that supports a dental prosthesis. A natural tooth or its root can serve as a tooth abutment to anchor a crown or fixed bridge. In implant dentistry, an abutment attaches to the implant body and provides the platform for a crown or bridge; it may be a healing, temporary, or final abutment. Materials commonly used include titanium and zirconia; retention can be screw-retained or cemented.

The choice of abutment affects prosthesis fit, aesthetics, and load transfer, and requires consideration of biomechanical factors, maintenance access, and compatibility with surrounding tissues.