Aardwolf

The aardwolf (Proteles cristatus) is a small, nocturnal mammal in the hyena family native to eastern and southern Africa. It is distinct from other hyenas in its insectivorous diet, feeding almost exclusively on termites.

Description and adaptations: The aardwolf has a slender body with pale tawny fur and faint, dark markings along the sides. It possesses a mane that can be raised when threatened, large ears, and a long, bushy tail. Its dentition is reduced, with small canines and only vestigial carnassial teeth, reflecting its specialization for eating insects. A long, sticky tongue and powerful forelimbs aid termite hunting and mound excavation.

Behavior and ecology: Aardwolves are primarily nocturnal and solitary or found in small family groups. They forage on termite mounds at night, using their forepaws to dig and their elongated tongue to collect termites from the galleries. They rely on scent marking and latrine sites to define territory. While termites are the main food source, opportunistic feeding on other insects occurs occasionally.

Reproduction and life history: Breeding can occur year-round in suitable conditions. Litter sizes typically range from two to four pups. After a gestation of roughly 90 days, mothers give birth in dens; the young remain in the den for several weeks before venturing out with adults. In the wild, aardwolves usually live about seven to ten years.

Distribution and conservation: Aardwolves are found across southern and eastern Africa in savannas and open woodlands, avoiding dense forests. The species is listed as Least Concern by the IUCN, with protected status in many reserves. Potential threats include habitat loss, pesticide use reducing termite populations, and road or human-wildlife conflicts.