ARHGAP35

ARHGAP35 is a human gene that encodes Rho GTPase activating protein 35, commonly referred to as p190-A RhoGAP. The encoded protein belongs to the RhoGAP family and functions as a GTPase-activating protein that promotes the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP on Rho family GTPases. By inactivating Rho proteins, ARHGAP35 acts as a negative regulator of signaling pathways that control the actin cytoskeleton.

The activity of ARHGAP35 influences cellular processes such as cell shape, adhesion, and migration. In the nervous system, it has been implicated in neurite outgrowth and neuronal connectivity, reflecting broader roles in development and synaptic organization. The protein participates in signaling networks downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases and can be modulated by phosphorylation, subcellular localization, and interactions with other signaling proteins.

Structurally, ARHGAP35 contains a central RhoGAP domain responsible for its catalytic activity, along with additional regions that mediate protein–protein interactions. Alternative splicing yields multiple isoforms, which may differ in regulation, localization, or interaction partners, contributing to contextual control of Rho GTPase signaling.

Expression data indicate broad tissue distribution, with notable activity in brain and hematopoietic-related tissues. Alterations in ARHGAP35 function or regulation have been explored in the contexts of developmental brain disorders and cancer, consistent with the central role of Rho GTPases in cell morphology and motility. As with other signaling regulators, the precise effects of ARHGAP35 depend on cell type, signaling context, and interacting partners.