Ödémák

Ödémák, often referred to as swelling, is a medical condition characterized by the accumulation of excess fluid in the body's tissues. This fluid buildup typically occurs in interstitial spaces, the areas between cells. Edema can manifest in various parts of the body, including the legs, ankles, feet, hands, face, and abdomen. The appearance of edema can range from mild puffiness to significant enlargement of the affected area, and it may be accompanied by skin that feels stretched or shiny.

Several factors can contribute to the development of edema. One common cause is increased pressure within blood vessels, often seen in conditions like heart failure, where the heart's pumping efficiency is reduced, leading to fluid backup. Kidney disease can also cause edema, as impaired kidney function affects the body's ability to regulate fluid and salt balance. Liver disease, particularly cirrhosis, can reduce the production of albumin, a protein that helps maintain fluid balance in the bloodstream, leading to fluid leakage into tissues. Allergic reactions and inflammation are also common culprits, as they can increase the permeability of blood vessel walls, allowing fluid to escape. Certain medications, such as some blood pressure drugs and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), can also have edema as a side effect. Pregnant women may experience edema due to hormonal changes and increased pressure on blood vessels in the pelvis.

Diagnosis of edema involves a physical examination and a review of the patient's medical history. Doctors may also order blood tests to check kidney and liver function, as well as imaging tests like ultrasounds to assess blood flow and identify any underlying structural issues. Treatment for edema is directed at the underlying cause. This can include lifestyle modifications like reducing salt intake, elevating the swollen limb, and wearing compression stockings. Medications such as diuretics, which help the body eliminate excess fluid, may also be prescribed. In cases where edema is a symptom of a serious underlying condition, such as heart failure or kidney disease, managing that condition is crucial for resolving the swelling.