ökosüsteeme
An ecosystem is a complex and dynamic network of living organisms interacting with their physical environment. It includes biotic components such as plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms, and abiotic factors such as sunlight, water, minerals, temperature, and climate. The essential features of an ecosystem are energy flow and matter cycling: energy from the sun enters through photosynthesis and moves through the food web, while nutrients are recycled by decomposition and other processes.
Ecosystems have structure and function. They comprise communities and populations, directed by trophic interactions, symbiotic relationships,
Ecosystems vary widely in size and type, from forests, wetlands, deserts, and oceans to grasslands and urban
Ecosystem services are the benefits people obtain from ecosystems, commonly grouped into provisioning (food, water, medicine),
The study of ökosüsteeme spans ecology, geography, and environmental science, and informs policy, land management, and