érelmeszesedéshez

Érelmeszesedés, also known as atherosclerosis, is a common condition characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries. This process occurs when plaque, a deposit of cholesterol, fats, calcium, and other substances, builds up on the inner walls of the arteries. Over time, this plaque can harden and restrict blood flow, making it more difficult for blood to reach vital organs.

The exact cause of atherosclerosis is not fully understood, but several risk factors are known to contribute to its development. These include high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, smoking, diabetes, obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, and a family history of heart disease. Age is also a significant factor, with the risk increasing as people get older.

Atherosclerosis is often a silent disease, meaning it may not cause any noticeable symptoms in its early stages. However, as it progresses and blood flow becomes significantly reduced, symptoms can emerge. These depend on which arteries are affected. For example, if the arteries supplying the heart are narrowed, it can lead to chest pain (angina) or a heart attack. If the arteries supplying the brain are affected, it can result in a stroke. Peripheral artery disease, affecting the limbs, can cause pain and cramping during physical activity.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, reviewing medical history, and potentially diagnostic tests such as blood tests to check cholesterol and sugar levels, electrocardiograms (ECG), stress tests, ultrasounds, or angiography to visualize the arteries.

Treatment aims to slow the progression of the disease, manage risk factors, and prevent complications. Lifestyle modifications are crucial and include adopting a healthy diet, regular exercise, quitting smoking, and managing weight. Medications may be prescribed to lower blood pressure, reduce cholesterol, prevent blood clots, or control blood sugar. In some cases, surgical procedures like angioplasty or bypass surgery may be necessary to restore blood flow.