Érelmeszesedés

Érelmeszesedés, also known as atherosclerosis, is a common condition characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries. This process occurs when plaque, a deposit of cholesterol, fats, calcium, and other substances, builds up on the inner walls of the arteries. Over time, this plaque can harden and restrict blood flow, making it more difficult for blood to reach vital organs.

The exact cause of érelmeszesedés is not fully understood, but several risk factors are known to contribute to its development. These include high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, smoking, diabetes, obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, and a family history of heart disease. Age is also a significant factor, as the risk increases with advancing years.

Symptoms of érelmeszesedés vary depending on which arteries are affected and the severity of the blockage. In many cases, the condition may be asymptomatic for years. However, as blood flow becomes more compromised, symptoms can emerge. If the arteries supplying the heart are affected, chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, and even a heart attack can occur. Blockages in the arteries leading to the brain can cause stroke symptoms, such as sudden weakness, numbness, difficulty speaking, or vision problems. Peripheral artery disease, affecting the limbs, can lead to pain, cramping, and fatigue in the legs and feet, particularly during physical activity.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, medical history, and various tests. These may include blood tests to check cholesterol and blood sugar levels, blood pressure measurement, electrocardiogram (ECG), stress tests, ultrasound, angiography, or CT scans.

Treatment aims to slow or stop the progression of atherosclerosis, manage risk factors, and relieve symptoms. Lifestyle modifications are crucial and include adopting a healthy diet, regular exercise, smoking cessation, and weight management. Medications may be prescribed to control blood pressure, lower cholesterol, prevent blood clots, or manage diabetes. In severe cases where blood flow is significantly restricted, surgical procedures such as angioplasty with stenting or bypass surgery may be necessary to open or reroute the affected arteries.