çiftelia

The çifteli is a traditional Albanian stringed instrument, a long-necked lute typically played with a plectrum. The name derives from the Turkish word çift, meaning “double,” referring to its two main strings in most regional versions, though some variants employ three strings. It is a central instrument in Albanian folk music, especially in the northern highland regions and in Albanian communities in Kosovo and neighboring areas.

Construction and design

The çifteli has a carved wooden body with a rounded or slightly bulbous resonator and a long neck. The soundboard is usually made of wood and may be reinforced or, in some traditional forms, covered with a thin membrane. Frets are tied with gut or wire and can be movable to adjust tuning. The headstock is often simply carved, with decorative elements in some regional styles. The instrument is designed for bright, piercing melody lines that can be projected over accompanying vocals and instruments.

Playing technique and repertoire

The çifteli is primarily plucked with a pick, though some players use finger techniques. The two strings are commonly tuned in intervals such as a fourth or a fifth; some regional forms include a secondary drone string or a third string. It is used to accompany traditional sung repertoire, notably epic and lyrical songs, as well as village dances and ceremonies in northern Albania and Kosovo.

Cultural role

As a hallmark of Albanian folk music, the çifteli features in rural ensembles and solo performances, contributing to regional musical identity and transmission of traditional songs and stories.