Återfallsprevention

Återfallsprevention, or relapse prevention, is a psychological framework used to reduce the likelihood of returning to problematic substance use or other addictive behaviors after initial recovery. It treats relapse as a process rather than a single event and focuses on identifying triggers, cravings, and coping gaps that threaten sustained change.

The approach originated within cognitive-behavioral therapy and was developed in the 1980s by Marlatt and Gordon as part of the relapse prevention model. It has become a foundational element of addiction treatment and has been adapted for other chronic behavior changes and health conditions.

Key concepts include the abstinence violation effect, where a lapse can lead to guilt and perceived loss of control; the distinction between lapses and relapses; and the idea that long-term change depends on ongoing skills to manage triggers, urges, and consequences. The model emphasizes proactive planning, self-monitoring, and the view that lapses do not automatically doom recovery if promptly addressed with coping responses.

Core components involve assessing personal high-risk situations, training coping skills (cognitive restructuring, problem solving, coping planning), practicing strategies for urge management, and creating relapse prevention plans and aftercare. Interventions are often tailored and may be combined with motivational interviewing, traditional cognitive-behavioral therapy, and mindfulness-based approaches.

Evidence suggests relapse prevention can improve maintenance of abstinence and reduce relapse risk when implemented as part of comprehensive treatment with ongoing practice and follow-up. Effectiveness varies by individual, population, and setting, and the approach requires skilled delivery and ongoing adaptation to context.