zotëron

Zotëron is a traditional Albanian folk instrument primarily associated with the regions of northern Albania, Kosovo, and the neighboring areas of Montenegro and Serbia. It belongs to the family of stringed instruments and is closely related to the Greek *laouto* and the Turkish *saz*. The name "zotëron" derives from the Albanian word "zotë," meaning "master" or "lord," reflecting its historical significance in Albanian culture.

The zotëron typically features a pear-shaped body with a long, fretless neck and three or four metal strings, though some variations may include more. The instrument is often played with a plectrum, producing a bright, resonant tone that is well-suited for both solo performances and ensemble music. It is commonly used in traditional Albanian folk music, particularly in genres such as *këngë popullore* (folk songs) and *gëzimet* (festive songs).

Historically, the zotëron played a central role in Albanian social gatherings, weddings, and celebrations, where it accompanied vocal performances and dances. Its melodic versatility allows musicians to express a range of emotions, from lively and rhythmic to slow and melancholic. The instrument has also been adapted in modern Albanian music, blending traditional sounds with contemporary styles.

Craftsmanship of the zotëron varies by region, with some luthiers using wood such as spruce or cedar for the body and neck. While the instrument is less common outside Albanian-speaking communities, efforts to preserve its heritage have kept it relevant in cultural festivals and educational programs. Today, it remains a symbol of Albanian musical tradition and identity.