yttriumstabilisierter

Yttriumstabilisierter Zirkonia (Yttriumstabilisierter Zirkonia), often abbreviated as YSZ, refers to zirconium dioxide (ZrO₂) that has been stabilized in its cubic crystal form through the addition of yttrium oxide (Y₂O₃). Pure zirconia exhibits multiple crystalline phases—monoclinic, tetragonal, and cubic—that are temperature-dependent. The monoclinic phase is stable at room temperature, but it undergoes volume changes during phase transitions, which can cause material cracking. The addition of yttrium oxide stabilizes the high-temperature cubic or tetragonal phases at room temperature, enhancing the material's mechanical properties.

Yttrium-stabilized zirconia is widely used in various industrial applications due to its high strength, toughness, and resistance to wear and corrosion. Notably, it is employed in ceramics for oxygen sensors, solid oxide fuel cells, and dental prosthetics such as crowns and bridges. Its optical and ionic conductivity properties are advantageous in such contexts.

The material's stability and durability are a result of yttrium ions integrating into the zirconia crystal lattice, preventing phase transformations that would otherwise weaken the structure. Different formulations contain varying concentrations of yttrium oxide, typically around 3-8 mol%, influencing properties such as toughness and translucency.

In addition to industrial uses, yttrium-stabilized zirconia is also researched for potential biomedical applications, including orthopedic implants, owing to its biocompatibility and mechanical stability. Overall, yttriumstabilisierter Zirkonia is a critical advanced ceramic material with significant technological relevance across multiple sectors.