xerostomiainduced

Xerostomia-induced refers to the range of oral health problems that arise when salivary flow is insufficient to maintain normal moisture, lubrication, and function in the mouth. Xerostomia itself can result from medications (such as anticholinergics, antidepressants, antihypertensives, and antipsychotics), systemic diseases such as Sjögren's syndrome and diabetes, radiation therapy to the head and neck, dehydration, and lifestyle factors including tobacco and alcohol use. It is common among older adults but can affect people of any age.

The reduction in saliva impairs lubrication, buffering of acid, antimicrobial defense, and remineralization, increasing the risk of caries, mucosal irritation, infections, and dental prosthesis problems. Clinically, xerostomia-induced problems include rampant dental caries (especially cervical and root surfaces), candidiasis, angular cheilitis, mucosal fissures or ulcers, altered taste, dysphagia, halitosis, and denture instability or discomfort. Patients may also report dry throat, throat discomfort, or difficulty speaking.

Diagnosis relies on history, medication review, and objective measures such as unstimulated saliva flow rate; dental examination; and imaging if indicated. Management focuses on treating the underlying cause when possible, using saliva substitutes and stimulants (such as pilocarpine or cevimeline in appropriate patients), topical fluoride and remineralization strategies, antifungal therapy for candidiasis, chlorhexidine rinses if indicated, and optimizing denture fit. Hydration, humidification, avoidance of alcohol and excessive caffeine, and good oral hygiene are advised.

Prognosis varies with cause and adherence to management; reducing xerostomia and maintaining oral hygiene decreases caries and infection risk, but long-term xerostomia can require ongoing care and monitoring by dental and medical professionals.