xanthophtalmus

Xanthophthalmus is a genus of small, brightly colored neotropical birds belonging to the family Thraupidae, commonly known as tanagers. These birds are characterized by their predominantly yellow plumage, often with contrasting black or olive markings, which gives them their distinctive name. "Xantho" derives from the Greek word for yellow, and "ophthalmos" refers to the eye, suggesting a connection to their vibrant coloration, particularly around the eyes.

The genus currently contains only one recognized species, Xanthophthalmus ornatus, often referred to as the Yellow-eyed Tanager. This species is found in the humid lowland forests and forest edges of the Amazon basin, primarily in Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia. They are insectivorous, feeding on insects and other small invertebrates, and are often observed foraging in pairs or small family groups within the understory and mid-canopy. Their song is typically a series of high-pitched, sweet whistles.

Little is known about the reproductive biology of Xanthophthalmus ornatus, but like other tanagers, they are believed to build cup-shaped nests and lay clutches of two to four eggs. The genus Xanthophthalmus has undergone taxonomic revisions, with some historical classifications including other species that have since been moved to different genera based on genetic and morphological evidence. The conservation status of Xanthophthalmus ornatus is currently considered Least Concern by the IUCN, although habitat loss and fragmentation in the Amazon remain potential threats to its long-term survival.