wingsuits

A wingsuit is a specialized jumpsuit that adds fabric membranes between the arms and torso and between the legs, creating wing-like surfaces that increase lift during freefall. This enables controlled forward travel and extended glide compared with a standard skydive, allowing navigable trajectories before parachute deployment.

Design centers on two wing areas: arm wings and leg wings, connected by a bodice. The suit uses nylon or ripstop fabric with reinforced seams. Airfoil-shaped surfaces, together with precise body positioning, produce lift and stability; wingsuits do not permit sustained hovering.

Flight performance varies by suit, body position, and weight. Glide ratios commonly range from about 2:1 to 4:1, with higher-performance suits reaching greater values. Jumpers exit from aircraft or from fixed objects, steer by limb movements, and deploy a parachute at a safe altitude.

History and development: Modern wingsuits were refined in the late 20th century, with influential work by Patrick de Gayardon and later designers expanding maneuverability and safety. Early attempts in the mid-20th century laid groundwork, and by the 2000s wingsuits were widely used in sport parachuting and base jumping.

Safety and regulation: Wingsuit flying carries substantial risks, including collisions and entanglement. Training is required and typically involves a wingsuit-specific course after obtaining a skydiving license. Most jumpers use a reserve parachute; some employ automatic activation devices. Adherence to altitude limits and airspace rules is essential.