washwoman

A washwoman, also known as a laundress or washerwoman, is a person, typically a woman, who historically performed the labor of washing clothes. This was a common occupation, particularly before the advent of widespread mechanical washing machines and modern plumbing. Washwomen would collect soiled laundry, transport it to a water source, and then scrub, rinse, and dry the garments. The process often involved boiling water, using lye soap, and considerable physical exertion.

The work was often carried out in communal washhouses, by rivers, or in designated outdoor areas. For those who could afford it, washwomen would also come to private homes to perform the task. The pay for washwomen was generally low, and the work was considered arduous and often exposed them to harsh chemicals and unsanitary conditions. Despite the difficulty, it provided a vital source of income for many women, especially those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds.

The profession began to decline in the late 19th and early 20th centuries with technological advancements such as improved washing machines and commercial laundries. While the term "washwoman" is largely historical, the act of handwashing clothes still exists in various parts of the world and in specific contexts, such as for delicate garments or in areas lacking modern infrastructure. The image of the washwoman remains a significant symbol in social history, representing the labor of women and the evolution of domestic work.