vernicifluum

Toxicodendron vernicifluum, commonly known as the lacquer tree or urushi lacquer tree, is a deciduous tree in the Anacardiaceae family. Native to East Asia, it occurs in China, Korea, and Japan and is cultivated for its sap, urushi, used to make traditional lacquer. The species has several synonyms, including Rhus verniciflua, and in some classifications it is placed in the genus Toxicodendron along with poison ivy and poison oak.

Description: The tree reaches about 10–15 meters in height. It has pinnate leaves with multiple leaflets, small greenish flowers, and spherical drupes. The sap contains urushiol, a mixture of catechol derivatives that can cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals.

Urushi lacquer and processing: Urushi sap is harvested by incising the bark; the collected sap is aged and prepared into lacquer. When applied in thin layers on prepared surfaces and allowed to cure at ambient temperature, it polymerizes to form a hard, water- and heat-resistant film. Colors range from natural amber to black with pigments; decorative techniques include maki-e, in which gold or other powders are sprinkled onto the wet lacquer. The finished ware can require months to years to complete.

Uses and cultural context: Urushi lacquerware has a long history in China, Korea, and Japan and remains a traditional craft. Modern applications include coatings for wood and metal objects, with some products treated to reduce allergen exposure in industrial settings.

Health considerations: Contact with fresh urushiol-containing lacquer can trigger dermatitis in many people. Protective equipment and proper ventilation are used during production; fully cured lacquer is generally inert, but handling uncured material requires care.