ventralny

Ventralny is an adjective used in anatomy and biology to denote the ventral, or belly side, of an animal or organ. The term derives from Latin ventralis, fromventer meaning belly. It is typically used in contrast to dorsalny (dorsal) and describes orientation relative to the body's front or underside. In humans, the ventral surface corresponds to the anterior part of the body (the chest and abdomen). In many other animals, especially quadrupeds, ventral describes the underside or belly side, while dorsal denotes the back.

In anatomy and medicine, ventral is used in phrases such as ventral surface, ventral body cavity, and ventral hernia. The ventral body cavity houses the thoracic and abdominal-pelvic cavities. The ventral nerve cord is a defining feature of many invertebrates, running along the ventral side.

In zoology and developmental biology, ventral refers to the ventral side along the dorsoventral axis. Embryonic signaling pathways govern ventral patterning, distinguishing ventral from dorsal tissues during development.

Other common usages include ventral fins in fish, which are located on the ventral side, or imaging and dissection contexts that refer to a ventral view of organs such as the brain or heart.

See also: anterior, abdomen, ventral nerve cord, dorsoventral axis. In Polish-language scientific literature, ventralny is used as the direct translation of ventral in anatomical contexts, although everyday terms may include brzuszny.