dorsalny

Dorsalny is an adjective in Polish used to describe something related to or located on the back or upper side of an organism or structure. The term derives from Latin dorsalis, from dorsum meaning back. It is commonly employed in anatomy, zoology and related fields to indicate orientation or position.

In human anatomy, dorsalny denotes the back surface or posterior aspect. For example, the dorsal surface of the hand is the back of the hand, and the dorsal aspect of the brain refers to its upper/top side in standard anatomical position. In zoology, dorsal describes structures toward the back of an animal; many species have a dorsal fin (płetwa grzbietowa), a dorsal shell or carapace, or dorsal muscles along the back. In animals with a rigid back, such as turtles and crabs, the term is used to describe features on the back.

In medicine and biology, phrases such as powierzchnia grzbietowa (dorsal surface) or widok grzbietowy (dorsal view) are common. The opposite is ventralny, for the belly or underside. Dorsalny can be used interchangeably with grzbietowy in many contexts, though stylistic or field-specific preferences may apply. Overall, the term provides a concise way to express relative position and orientation across organisms and structures.