veleszületettdeformitások

Veleszületett deformitások, also known as congenital anomalies or birth defects, are structural or functional abnormalities present at birth. They can affect nearly any part of the body, including the brain, heart, lungs, limbs, or face. These conditions arise during fetal development, often in the first trimester of pregnancy, and can range in severity from minor cosmetic issues to life-threatening disorders.

The causes of congenital deformities are diverse and can include genetic factors, environmental influences, or a combination of both. Genetic mutations can be inherited from parents or occur spontaneously during conception. Environmental factors encompass maternal infections during pregnancy (such as rubella or Zika virus), exposure to certain medications (like thalidomide), alcohol, tobacco, or radiation. Nutritional deficiencies, such as a lack of folic acid, are also linked to an increased risk of specific birth defects, like neural tube defects. In many cases, the exact cause remains unknown, making it a multifactorial issue.

Diagnosis can occur during pregnancy through prenatal screening and diagnostic tests like ultrasounds or amniocentesis, or after birth through physical examination and further medical testing. The impact of congenital deformities on an individual varies greatly depending on the specific condition and its severity. Some may require immediate medical intervention, while others might necessitate lifelong management and support. Early detection and appropriate medical care are crucial for improving outcomes and quality of life for affected individuals.