ukuleles

The ukulele is a small, four-stringed plucked instrument in the lute family. It originated in Hawaii in the late 19th century, developed from Portuguese guitar-like instruments such as the machete brought by immigrants from Madeira and the Azores. The name ukulele is Hawaiian for jumping flea. The instrument is typically built with a compact, rounded body and a short neck, producing a bright, accessible sound.

Common sizes include soprano, concert, and tenor, with a baritone as the lowest-pitched standard. The tops are usually spruce or cedar, while the back and sides are commonly mahogany or koa; many Hawaiian ukuleles highlight koa for traditional aesthetics. Modern versions may use solid woods or laminates. Nylon or fluorocarbon strings are standard, chosen for their softer feel and warm tone.

Tuning for soprano, concert, and tenor is typically G4-C4-E4-A4, often in reentrant tuning (the G string is higher than the C, E, and A strings). Baritone ukuleles are usually tuned D-G-B-E, similar to the highest four strings of a guitar.

Playing approaches emphasize ease of learning and versatility. The ukulele is widely used in Hawaiian music, as well as in folk, pop, and contemporary styles. It supports strumming, percussion-like rhythms, and fingerpicking, making it popular among beginners and experienced players alike.

Maintenance involves protecting from excessive humidity and temperature changes, restringing when needed, and regular cleaning. Some players add pickups or strap buttons for amplified performances.