tölvuöryggi

Tölvuöryggi, also known as computer security or cybersecurity, refers to the protection of computer systems and networks from theft, damage, or unauthorized access. It encompasses a wide range of technologies, processes, and practices designed to safeguard digital assets and data. The primary goals of tölvuöryggi are to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information. Confidentiality means that data is accessible only to authorized individuals. Integrity ensures that data is accurate and has not been tampered with. Availability means that authorized users can access the data and systems when needed.

Common threats to tölvuöryggi include malware such as viruses, worms, and ransomware, which can disrupt operations, steal data, or demand payment for decryption. Phishing attacks, where malicious actors impersonate trustworthy entities to trick users into revealing sensitive information, are also prevalent. Denial-of-service (DoS) and distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks aim to overwhelm systems with traffic, making them inaccessible. Insider threats, whether malicious or unintentional, also pose a significant risk.

To mitigate these threats, various security measures are employed. These include firewalls to monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic, antivirus software to detect and remove malware, and intrusion detection/prevention systems to identify and block suspicious activity. Encryption is used to scramble data, making it unreadable to unauthorized parties. Strong password policies, multi-factor authentication, and regular software updates are crucial for user-level security. Awareness training for users is also vital, as human error is often a weak link in security. The field of tölvuöryggi is constantly evolving to address new and sophisticated threats.