téveszmék

Téveszmék, often translated as delusions, are fixed false beliefs that are resistant to reason or confrontation with actual fact. They are a core symptom of psychosis and are most commonly associated with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and delusional disorder. While delusions are characteristic of these conditions, they can also occur in other mental health disorders like bipolar disorder during manic episodes or severe depression with psychotic features, as well as in certain neurological conditions and substance use disorders.

Delusions are not simply mistaken ideas or exaggerations of reality. They are held with immense conviction and are typically out of keeping with the individual's cultural background. The content of delusions can vary widely, but common themes include persecutory delusions (the belief that one is being harmed, harassed, or plotted against), grandiose delusions (the belief that one has exceptional abilities, wealth, fame, or political power), erotomanic delusions (the belief that another person, usually of higher status, is in love with them), and somatic delusions (preoccupations regarding one's body functions or appearance).

The exact cause of delusions is not fully understood, but it is thought to involve a complex interplay of genetic, biological, psychological, and environmental factors. Neurobiological theories often point to abnormalities in neurotransmitter systems, particularly dopamine, in certain brain regions. Psychologically, a combination of cognitive biases, emotional distress, and social factors may contribute to their development and maintenance. Treatment for delusions typically involves antipsychotic medications to manage the underlying psychosis and psychotherapy, such as cognitive behavioral therapy for psychosis (CBTp), to help individuals challenge and reframe their beliefs and cope with their distress.