tunelovatelnost

Tunelovatelnost, often translated as tunnelability or drillability, refers to the ease with which a rock or soil mass can be excavated by tunneling or boring methods. It is a crucial factor in the planning and execution of underground infrastructure projects such as subways, water tunnels, and utility conduits. Various geological and engineering properties influence tunelovatelnost.

Key factors include the rock's strength, abrasiveness, and the presence of discontinuities like joints, faults, and bedding planes. Hard, abrasive rocks like granite or quartzite can be difficult and slow to excavate, requiring specialized equipment and potentially leading to increased wear on cutting tools. Conversely, soft soils like clay or sand can be easier to excavate but may pose challenges related to stability and the need for support systems. The presence and orientation of fractures significantly impact tunelovatelnost; a rock mass with closely spaced, unfavorably oriented joints may break down easily but also present stability issues, while a massive, unfractured rock mass might be strong but harder to penetrate. Water content and pore pressure also play a role, as saturated or high-pressure conditions can weaken the ground and affect excavation behavior.

Engineers assess tunelovatelnost through geological investigations, laboratory testing of rock and soil samples, and empirical correlations based on field experience. This assessment helps in selecting the most appropriate tunneling method, such as drill and blast, tunnel boring machines (TBMs), or roadheaders, and in estimating excavation rates, costs, and potential challenges. Understanding tunelovatelnost is vital for the economic and technical success of any underground construction project.