granite

Granite is a common coarse-grained, felsic intrusive igneous rock. Its primary minerals are quartz and alkali feldspar, with plagioclase feldspar and small amounts of mica or other minerals. The texture is phaneritic, meaning the minerals are large enough to be seen with the naked eye. Colors range from pink and red to gray or white, influenced by mineral composition and trace minerals.

Granite forms when silica-rich magma cools slowly below the Earth's surface, allowing large crystals to grow. This intrusive genesis leads to its characteristic coarse texture. On classification, granite sits within the felsic end of the granitic family and is typically high in silica and alkali feldspars.

Geologically, granite is widespread in continental crust. It forms batholiths and other plutons associated with mountain-building and continental collision zones. It is among the most durable and dense rock types, with low porosity and good resistance to weathering, though occasional chemical weathering can affect its feldspar grains.

Uses: Because it can be polished to a high sheen and is mechanically strong, granite is widely used in construction and decorative stone, including countertops, tiles, facades, and monuments.