trigonalyid

Trigonalyid is a family of parasitic wasps belonging to the order Hymenoptera. These insects are characterized by their unusual, somewhat humpbacked appearance and their specialized life cycle. Trigonalyids are endoparasitoids, meaning they develop inside the body of their host. Their hosts are typically the larvae of other insects, most commonly sawflies, but also some moths and butterflies.

The life history of trigonalyids is complex and often involves hypermetamorphosis, where the larval stages undergo distinct morphological changes. The first-instar larva is typically mobile and actively seeks out a suitable host. Once it finds one, it enters the host and develops slowly, often waiting until the host is near pupation or has already pupated before completing its development. This strategy allows the trigonalyid larva to consume the host's tissues at a time when they are most nutrient-rich.

Adult trigonalyids are generally solitary and can be found in a variety of habitats, often associated with wooded areas where their hosts are present. Their exact distribution is widespread across many continents. Due to their specialized parasitism and relatively infrequent encounters with humans, trigonalyids are not well-known outside of entomological circles. Research into their biology continues to reveal more about their fascinating ecological roles.