topis

Topis are African antelopes in the genus Damaliscus, commonly referred to as topi or tiop. They are part of the subfamily Hartebeestinae and are closely related to other Damaliscus species. The term topi typically refers to populations within the Damaliscus lunatus complex, which includes several subspecies distributed across eastern and southern Africa.

Topis inhabit savannas and grasslands, often near water sources. They prefer open, grassy plains with short to medium-height grasses, where they can use their long legs to move quickly. In some regions they form large herds that mix males, females, and juveniles, while males may establish territories during the breeding season. They are frequently seen in migration flocks that track rainfall and forage availability.

Nutrition and foraging are primarily grazing on grasses. Topis are capable of selective grazing, and their diet may shift to other herbaceous plants when grasses are scarce. They are preyed upon by large carnivores such as lions and hyenas, and their speed and agility aid in avoiding predators.

Reproduction occurs year-round in some populations, with a gestation period of about eight months followed by a single calf, though calving peaks can align with wet seasons in other areas. Calves are cryptically colored to blend with the grass and are protected by the herd.

Conservation status varies locally, but topis are generally widespread and not classified as globally endangered. The IUCN Red List lists Damaliscus lunatus as Least Concern, with localized declines where habitat loss, drought, or hunting impact populations.