tooteperedes

Tooteperedes, also known as *tootepere* or *tootepereh*, refers to a traditional Estonian folk instrument that belongs to the family of bowed string instruments. Its name is derived from the Estonian words *toote* (meaning "to pluck" or "to play") and *peredes* (a diminutive form of *pere*, meaning "family" or "kind"), suggesting a small, intimate instrument. The tooteperedes is closely related to the Finnish *kantele* and the Latvian *kanklēs*, though it is less commonly documented in historical records compared to its Baltic counterparts.

The tooteperedes typically features a small, trapezoidal body made of wood, often decorated with intricate carvings or painted patterns. It has a single string, which is plucked or bowed with a horsehair bow, producing a soft, resonant tone. Some variations may include a second string or a small resonator to amplify sound. The instrument is played in a seated position, held between the knees or on a small stand, and is often accompanied by singing or other folk music instruments.

Historically, the tooteperedes was used in rural Estonian communities for folk music, storytelling, and ceremonial occasions. Its melodic and expressive qualities made it suitable for both solo performances and ensemble settings. While not as widely preserved as other Estonian instruments like the *kannel* (a type of zither), the tooteperedes remains a symbol of traditional Estonian musical heritage. Today, efforts by folk musicians and cultural organizations aim to revive and document this instrument, ensuring its place in Estonian musical traditions.