toksoplasmoos

Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic infection caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. This parasite is found worldwide, primarily in warm-blooded animals, including humans. Cats are the definitive host, meaning that T. gondii can sexually reproduce in their intestines and is shed in their feces.

Most humans become infected by consuming undercooked meat containing T. gondii cysts or by accidentally ingesting the parasite from contaminated surfaces, such as from a litter box, after touching a contaminated object and then touching their mouth. Ingesting unwashed fruits or vegetables that have come into contact with infected cat feces can also lead to infection.

In healthy individuals, toxoplasmosis often causes no symptoms or only mild flu-like symptoms such as fever, body aches, and swollen lymph nodes. However, it can be a serious concern for pregnant women and individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or undergoing chemotherapy.

If a pregnant woman contracts toxoplasmosis during pregnancy, it can be passed to the fetus, leading to congenital toxoplasmosis. This can cause severe health problems for the baby, including vision and hearing loss, intellectual disabilities, and seizures. For individuals with compromised immune systems, toxoplasmosis can lead to severe neurological problems, eye infections, and other life-threatening conditions.

Diagnosis is typically made through blood tests that detect antibodies to the parasite or by detecting the parasite itself. Treatment usually involves antiparasitic medications, often a combination of pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine, particularly for pregnant women and those with weakened immune systems. Prevention strategies include thoroughly cooking meat, washing hands after handling raw meat or cat litter, and avoiding contact with cat feces when pregnant or immunocompromised.