toast

Toast is slices of bread that have been browned by dry heat. It is prepared in a toaster, a toaster oven, or on a skillet or grill until the surface is dry and crisp. The browning results from the Maillard reaction and caramelization, which deepen flavor and change texture, producing a crisp exterior and a softer interior.

Toasting reduces moisture and can improve aroma and perceived freshness. Common toppings include butter, jam, honey, peanut butter, or avocado. The exact degree of browning varies by bread type and personal preference.

Equipment and methods: The standard modern method uses an electric toaster with pop-up slices. Alternatives include toaster ovens, conventional ovens with broil, or plain skillets. Toaster design varies by slot size, number of slices, and power; some models offer shade settings to control browning.

History and usage: Toast has a long history as a simple, widely available way to prepare bread for meals. Electric toasters emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with popular pop-up designs appearing in the 1920s. Toast remains a common breakfast item across many cultures, and is often adapted with regional breads and toppings. Health considerations include the fact that very dark toasting can form acrylamide, so moderate browning is commonly recommended.