Toaster

Toaster is a small electric kitchen appliance designed to brown slices of bread by exposing them to radiant heat. The most common form is a compact pop-up toaster with two or four vertical slots, though larger toaster ovens and specialty models exist. Heating elements on either side of the slots convert electricity into heat that browns the bread.

Inside, slices are held by a carriage that lowers them into the slots and releases when toasting is complete. Modern models offer browning controls, defrost and reheat settings, and bagel or thicker-slice modes that heat one side more than the other. A crumb tray collects stale crumbs for easy cleaning.

Toasting relies on electric resistance heating elements, typically metal coils, which reach high temperatures quickly. The heat browns the loaf by driving moisture and surface sugars to react. In addition to pop-up toasters, toaster ovens provide broader functionality such as baking and broiling.

History: Electric toasters with resistance heating elements appeared in the early 20th century. The first practical pop-up toasters were introduced in the 1920s, and automatic lowering mechanisms helped make toasting more convenient and safer. Through the mid- to late 20th century, toasters became common household appliances and were refined with improved controls, safety features, and energy efficiency.

Safety and maintenance: The exterior can become hot; avoid contact with heating elements while in use. Use the crumb tray to collect crumbs and unplug before cleaning. Keep the appliance away from flammable materials and do not insert metal objects into the slots. Typical models operate at about 800 to 1500 watts, depending on size and settings.