toasters

A toaster is a small electric appliance that browns bread by exposing it to radiant heat. Most models use nickel-chromium heating coils on either side of the bread, or in a small chamber, producing a toasted surface and warm interior. Common sizes include two- and four-slice designs, with some models offering long or wide slots for specialty breads.

The most common design is the pop-up toaster, where bread is inserted and a lever lowers the slices into the heating elements; when done, the toast automatically pops up. Another category is the toaster oven, a compact oven that can toast as well as bake and broil. Some models have long or wide slots and separate controls for each slot, plus features such as bagel, defrost, and reheat.

Toasting is controlled by a timer or sensor that determines browning. A browning control adjusts duration or heat level; newer models may use microprocessors and show remaining time. Common safety and convenience features include crumb trays, auto shut-off, cool-touch exteriors, and easy-clean designs. Typical home toasters draw about 800 to 1500 watts when operating.

Toasters date from the early 20th century and have evolved with improved heating elements, controls, and safety features. Modern models emphasize durability and compact size, using stainless steel or heat-resistant plastics. Regular cleaning of crumbs and proper use help maintain performance.