tkanine

Tkanine, in several Slavic languages, are fabrics or textiles made from fibers that have been processed and arranged into yarns and sheets. They can be produced by weaving, knitting, felting, or nonwoven processes, and are used in clothing, home furnishings, and industrial products.

Fibers fall into natural (cotton, flax, wool, silk), regenerated (viscose, lyocell), and synthetic (polyester, nylon, acrylic). Blends combine properties of different fibers to balance feel, strength, and cost.

Manufacture starts with fiber preparation and spinning to yarns. Fabrics are formed by weaving or knitting, and nonwoven fabrics are created by bonding fibers. Finishing steps such as dyeing, washing, printing, and chemical or mechanical treatments alter appearance and performance.

Common categories include woven fabrics (joint fabric types like denim or twill), knitted fabrics (jersey, rib), nonwovens, and felt. Properties depend on fiber type, fabric structure, and finish, influencing durability, elasticity, absorbency, thermal insulation, and drape.

Uses range from apparel and household textiles to industrial materials, medical textiles, and technical applications such as filtration or geotextiles.

The textile industry has ancient origins and evolved from hand spinning and loom weaving to mechanized production during the Industrial Revolution. Today sustainability concerns drive better fiber choices, water and energy management, waste reduction, and responsible dyeing practices.