tipkovnica

Tipkovnica is the term used in several South Slavic languages to denote a keyboard, the input device used to enter text, symbols and commands into computers, tablets, and other electronic devices. A keyboard typically consists of a set of keys organized into sections: the alphanumeric block, a numeric keypad, function keys at the top, and a cluster of navigation and control keys. The design evolved from the typewriter keyboard and remains one of the primary means of textual input.

Keyboard layouts vary by language. The most common Latin-script layout is QWERTY, named after the first six letters on the top row. Other layouts such as QWERTZ and AZERTY are used in different regions, and many locales add diacritics or dead keys to accommodate Croatian, Slovenian, Serbian, and other languages. In addition to physical keyboards, software-based virtual keyboards are common on mobile devices.

Technology and form factors. Keyboards can be wired via USB, USB-C, or PS/2, or wireless using Bluetooth or 2.4 GHz dongles. They come in sizes ranging from full-size with a numeric keypad to compact tenkeyless and other minimalist designs. Under the key mechanisms, some keyboards use membranes, while others employ mechanical switches with varied actuation force and tactile feedback. Laptop keyboards are integrated into portable computers; many use scissor-switch mechanisms for low profile.

Usage and ergonomics. Beyond typing, keyboards are used for gaming, shortcut commands, and accessibility features. Many models include backlighting, programmable keys, and key remapping. Ergonomic designs—such as split layouts, tenting, and wrist rests—aim to reduce strain during extended use.