tightwad

A tightwad is a person who is extremely frugal to the point of stinginess, reluctant to spend money, and often perceived as petty or excessive with expenditures. The term is informal and pejorative, typically used to criticize someone for sacrificing small conveniences or unfairly avoiding costs.

The phrase originated in American English in the 19th century, combining tight (stingy) with wad (a bundle of money), emphasizing the tightness of the purse as money is concerned. It is usually used in colloquial speech rather than formal writing.

Tightwad carries a negative judgment and is usually applied to individuals rather than habits. Neutral or positive terms include frugal, thrifty, or economical; however, tightwad implies inflexibility and stinginess rather than prudent budgeting.

Related terms include penny-pincher, skinflint, and cheapskate. Related but less pejorative terms include frugal, economical, and prudent. Antonyms include spendthrift, prodigal, and generous.

In culture, the concept appears in jokes, advertising, and media as a stereotype of the money-conscious person. Discussions about personal finance sometimes distinguish between conscientious budgeting and tightfisted behavior, especially in contexts involving relationships and shared expenses.