taxiing

Taxiing is the movement of an aircraft on the ground under its own power, typically between a parking area and a runway or between runways and aprons. It occurs before takeoff and after landing, and for repositioning on the airfield. Taxiing is performed under the supervision of air traffic control (ATC), which issues taxi clearances and runway crossings to manage ground traffic and avoid collisions. It is distinct from towing or pushback, where the aircraft is moved without the engines running.

During taxiing, the pilot manages power, braking and steering to control speed and direction. Engine power is typically kept at low levels, with brakes used to slow or stop. Steering is usually achieved with a nose-wheel steering system; on larger aircraft the nose-wheel is steered with a tiller, while rudder pedals connect to some steering functions. Small general aviation airplanes may rely primarily on rudder pedal steering and differential braking.

Airfields use designated taxiways and hold-short lines with signage to guide ground movement. Pilots obtain taxi clearance from ATC and must comply with instructions to avoid runway incursions, work zones, and other traffic. Navigation during taxiing relies on airport diagrams and surface lighting; taxis are often flown by night or in low visibility with taxi and landing lights active.

Safety considerations include avoiding engine thrust near other aircraft and personnel, awareness of propeller or jet blast hazards, and maintaining proper spacing in congested aprons. After alignment with the assigned runway, the aircraft awaits further clearance to take off.