pushback

Pushback is a term used to describe both a physical action and a metaphorical response. In general, it denotes the act of pushing something away or resisting a proposed direction, change, or policy. As a concept, it can appear in technical, social, or everyday contexts.

In aviation, pushback is a ground maneuver in which a vehicle, typically a specialized tow tractor, pushes an aircraft from its gate to a position where it can taxi. The maneuver is coordinated with air traffic control, crews, and safety protocols, and is usually performed with a towbar attached to the aircraft's nose gear.

In physics and engineering, pushback describes the opposing force experienced when a body is pushed, or the reaction described by Newton's third law. It also refers to resistance encountered by tools, devices, or vehicles as they are moved or applied with force, including friction or structural backlash.

In politics and social discourse, pushback refers to organized opposition to policies, reforms, or social changes. It can take the form of arguments, protests, lobbying, or litigation and is often noted as a reaction to initiatives perceived as controversial or disruptive.

In project management and business settings, pushback describes stakeholder resistance to proposed changes in scope, timelines, or budgets. Addressing pushback typically involves clarification of benefits, negotiation, or adjustments to plans.

The term originates from the literal sense of pushing back a thing to create space or to resist a force; metaphorically it has become common in media and analysis to describe counteractions to policy or social change. Related terms include backlash and resistance.