tanden

Tanden is the Dutch word for teeth. In humans and many animals, teeth are the mineralized structures in the jaws that enable biting, tearing and grinding of food, while also contributing to speech and facial aesthetics. The set of teeth varies across species, but in humans they play a central role in digestion and communication.

Anatomy and structure: A tooth consists of enamel on the outer surface, dentin beneath, and a central pulp chamber containing nerves and blood vessels. The root is covered by cementum and anchored in the jaw by the periodontal ligament to the surrounding alveolar bone. Enamel is the hardest substance in the body, while dentin is less hard but more resilient, and cementum helps secure the tooth in its socket.

Types and development: Humans have four major tooth types: incisors, canines, premolars, and molars, each specialized for different functions. Humans develop two sets: 20 deciduous (baby) teeth, which emerge in early childhood, and 32 permanent (adult) teeth, which typically erupt from around age six to twelve, with the final molars, often called wisdom teeth, appearing later.

Function and health: Teeth are adapted to cut, tear and grind food, supporting efficient digestion and speech. They are susceptible to dental diseases such as dental caries (tooth decay) and periodontitis (gum and bone disease). Prevention focuses on good oral hygiene, a fluoride-containing toothpaste, a balanced diet, and regular dental check-ups.

Care and procedures: Dental care includes brushing and flossing, professional cleanings, sealants, fluoride treatments, fillings for cavities, root canal therapy, crowns, and, when necessary, extractions or orthodontic treatments to correct alignment.