szívkoszorúérbetegséghez

Szívkoszorúérbetegség, or coronary artery disease (CAD), is a common type of heart disease where the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle become hardened and narrowed. This narrowing is usually caused by a buildup of plaque, a fatty deposit. Over time, plaque can harden and narrow the coronary arteries, limiting the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle.

The primary cause of CAD is atherosclerosis, a gradual process where cholesterol, fats, and other substances form plaque on the artery walls. Risk factors for developing CAD include high cholesterol, high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, obesity, lack of physical activity, and a family history of heart disease.

Symptoms of CAD can vary. Some people may experience chest pain or discomfort called angina, which can feel like pressure, squeezing, fullness, or pain in the center of the chest. Other symptoms might include shortness of breath, pain in the arms, neck, jaw, shoulder, or back, and fatigue. In some cases, CAD can lead to more severe events like a heart attack, which occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart is completely blocked.

Diagnosis of CAD typically involves a physical examination, medical history, and various tests such as an electrocardiogram (ECG), stress test, echocardiogram, or coronary angiogram. Treatment strategies aim to manage symptoms, prevent complications, and improve blood flow to the heart. These can include lifestyle modifications like dietary changes and exercise, medications to lower cholesterol, blood pressure, and prevent blood clots, and in some cases, procedures like angioplasty with stenting or coronary artery bypass surgery.