szabadgyököket

Szabadgyökök, often translated as free radicals, are atoms, molecules, or ions that possess an unpaired valence electron. This unpaired electron makes them highly unstable and reactive. To achieve stability, they readily react with other molecules in their vicinity, attempting to steal an electron. This process can initiate a chain reaction, damaging nearby cells and tissues.

In the human body, free radicals are generated as byproducts of normal metabolic processes, such as cellular respiration. Exposure to external factors like environmental pollutants, radiation (UV, X-rays), cigarette smoke, and certain medications can also increase their production.

While naturally occurring and sometimes playing beneficial roles in cellular signaling, an overabundance of free radicals leads to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is a state where the production of free radicals overwhelms the body's antioxidant defense mechanisms. This imbalance is implicated in the development and progression of numerous chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, and aging.

The body has natural defense systems to neutralize free radicals, primarily through antioxidants. Antioxidants are molecules that can donate an electron to a free radical without becoming unstable themselves, thereby stabilizing them. These include enzymes produced by the body and vitamins and minerals obtained from the diet, such as vitamins C and E, selenium, and carotenoids. Maintaining a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables is crucial for supporting the body's antioxidant capacity and combating the harmful effects of free radicals.