Szabadgyökök

Szabadgyökök, often translated as free radicals, are atoms, molecules, or ions that possess an unpaired valence electron. This unpaired electron makes them highly unstable and reactive. To achieve stability, they readily react with other molecules in their vicinity, attempting to steal an electron. This process can initiate a chain reaction, damaging cellular components like DNA, proteins, and lipids.

In the human body, free radicals are generated as byproducts of normal metabolic processes, such as energy production in mitochondria. Additionally, external factors like pollution, radiation, smoking, and certain diets can increase their production. While the body has defense mechanisms in the form of antioxidants, which can neutralize free radicals, an imbalance can occur when the production of free radicals overwhelms the antioxidant capacity.

This oxidative stress, caused by an excess of free radicals, is implicated in the development of various chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and aging. Understanding free radicals and oxidative stress is crucial for comprehending the mechanisms behind cellular damage and disease progression. Research continues to explore ways to mitigate free radical damage and promote cellular health.