surtitels

Surtitels are a form of subtitling that displays dialogue, sound effects, and other relevant audio information on screen. They are typically used in theatrical performances, opera, ballet, and other live events to assist audience members who may have hearing impairments or who are not fluent in the language of the performance. The term "surtitel" is a portmanteau of the French words "sur" (on) and "titre" (title).

Unlike traditional subtitles which often appear at the bottom of the screen, surtitels can be displayed in various locations, commonly above the stage or on either side. This placement aims to minimize distraction from the main performance while remaining visible. The content of surtitels is usually translated text of the spoken or sung dialogue, but can also include descriptions of crucial sound effects or non-verbal cues that are essential for understanding the plot or atmosphere.

The technology for displaying surtitels has evolved from simple scrolling text projected onto a screen to more sophisticated digital systems. These systems allow for precise timing and can even incorporate visual elements beyond text. The creation of surtitels involves translation, adaptation for brevity and clarity, and meticulous synchronization with the live performance. Their primary goal is to enhance accessibility and comprehension for a wider audience, ensuring that the artistic experience is not limited by language barriers or hearing difficulties.