comprehension
Comprehension is the ability to grasp the meaning of information, events, or experiences. It encompasses understanding spoken or written language, as well as interpreting everyday situations. In education, comprehension typically refers to the capacity to derive sense from text, to interpret spoken discourse, and to integrate new information with existing knowledge.
In reading and listening, successful comprehension involves decoding linguistic input, extracting lexical and syntactic information, and
Theoretical perspectives include bottom-up models that emphasize decoding and synthesis of details, top-down models that emphasize
Assessment and factors: Comprehension is evaluated through standardized tests, cloze tasks, question-answering, and retellings. Performance is
Applications and strategies: Instruction often teaches explicit strategies such as predicting, questioning, clarifying, summarizing, and self-monitoring;