superheroes

Superheroes are fictional characters who possess extraordinary abilities, advanced technology, or other powers that enable them to protect the public from threats. They typically operate in a defined setting—often a city—and wear a distinctive costume or emblem. A central feature is a dual identity, with a public persona and a private life that allows personal stakes and character development.

The modern superhero tradition began in American popular culture in the early 20th century, with comics introducing iconic figures such as Superman, Batman, and Spider-Man. The era is commonly divided into the Golden Age (1930s–1950s), Silver Age (mid-1950s–1970), and later decades, each bringing changes in tone, social relevance, and artistic style. Over time, the genre expanded into other media, influencing film, television, animation, and video games.

Typical elements include superhuman powers or exceptional skills, a personal motive for becoming a protector, a code of ethics, and a rogues' gallery of adversaries. Many heroes maintain a civilian life and a secret identity, and several rely on gadgets or specialized equipment. Teams and mentor figures are common, as are origin stories that narrate how the character gained powers or purpose.

In comics, film, and other media, superheroes have become enduring franchises and cultural touchstones, often built around shared universes and crossovers with other heroes. While some stories emphasize idealism and justice, others adopt darker or more complex tones, exploring questions about power, responsibility, and the costs of heroism.

Critiques of the genre address issues such as violence, escapism, and underrepresentation. Recent years have seen efforts to diversify protagonists, motivations, and settings, expanding the range of stories that superheroes can tell.