superblocks

A superblock is an urban design concept in which a district is reorganized into a larger block composed of smaller city blocks, typically arranged in a 3-by-3 grid. The idea is to reduce through-traffic within the inner area and reclaim public space for pedestrians, cyclists, and local amenities. In a typical configuration, surrounding streets continue to carry general traffic but at lower speeds, while the interior streets are restricted or closed to through traffic, prioritizing safe, walkable, and bike-friendly spaces.

Design and features commonly associated with superblocks include closed or limited-access interior streets, expanded sidewalks and tree cover, and the conversion of underused road space into parks, playgrounds, benches, and bike lanes. The public realm inside a superblock aims to encourage local activity and interaction, improve air quality, reduce noise, and create quieter, more livable neighborhoods.

History and adoption have been most prominent in Europe, where the concept gained attention through urban-planning reforms in cities like Barcelona. Barcelona initiated demonstrations of the concept in its Eixample district during the 2010s as part of a broader shift toward sustainable mobility and climate goals. The idea has been discussed and piloted in other cities as well, with varying degrees of scale and success.

Critiques of superblocks focus on implementation challenges, including the complexity and cost of redesign, potential impacts on emergency and commercial services, access for residents and workers, and concerns about gentrification and unequal benefits. Proponents argue that, when well planned and properly managed, superblocks can rebalance urban space toward people rather than cars and support healthier, more resilient neighborhoods.