sidewalks

Sidewalks are paved pedestrian pathways that run alongside or separated from streets. They provide safe space for foot traffic, help delineate pedestrian and vehicle zones, and support accessibility for people of all ages and abilities. Sidewalks are typically continuous along streets and often include curb ramps at intersections to accommodate wheelchairs, strollers, and other mobility devices. Features commonly found on sidewalks include crosswalks, tactile paving for the visually impaired, pedestrian signals, lighting, seating, trees, and drainage elements.

Construction materials vary by region and era. Concrete is the most common surface in many cities, but asphalt, brick, stone, and permeable pavers are used for historic districts, aesthetic reasons, or environmental considerations. Widths reflect local standards and can range from roughly 1.2 to 2.5 meters in dense urban areas. Accessibility standards often set minimum widths and require ramped access, level landings, and detectable warning surfaces at transitions.

Maintenance and safety are ongoing concerns. Sidewalks require resurfacing, repair of cracks, and removal of obstructions, with attention to drainage and tree roots that can cause upheaval. Snow and ice removal is a routine winter task in many regions. Sidewalk planning emphasizes walkability and connectivity, linking residences with schools, workplaces, shops, and transit, and may include elevated walkways or on-street separated facilities where space is limited. Environmental goals can guide the use of permeable surfaces and street-tree canopies to manage stormwater and urban heat.